At the moment, for the final disposition of solid waste, mankind has two possible alternatives of common use:
One of them is the evolution of the garbage dumps. With high costs involved in the process of preparing the terrain, with very costly especially built membranes to prevent contamination of the aquifers and eventual recapture of methane gases.
This alternative would be justified for new garbage dumps out in the open, which are practically reprobated universally by environmental authorities, these are condemned to disappear by the danger that they represent.
Highly industrialized countries like the U.S.A. and those that form the European Community have developed a new technical alternative, with visible and good results in the environmental order, besides the capitalization of advantages of several by-products that are obtained from the treatment by incineration of solid waste, using state of the art technology.
This technology entails a recycling chain that provides different elements from significant added value for our civilization.
The particle incineration reduced to a suitable size, considerably reduces the final volume of solid waste and creates a Good Combustion Practice (GCP).
With the crushing of solid waste, a chain of technical recycling begins, culminating with a nonpolluting incineration, by the disposition of special filters that retain at the end of the process volatile particles, preventing the environmental contamination.
Additionally and previous treatment of incinerated organic solid waste, foods for the cattle industry, and raw material for blocks of cement-like type are obtained.
It should be stated that this successful and proven technology of power production constitutes a most novel, profitable, and adapted method to provide solutions with additional benefits, because it turns a cost, into a lucrative operation, of high social content, by the employment it generates.
I. HARVESTING
The harvesting activities will be made according to the following norms:
1. The harvesting will have to take place in a manner whereby the environmental effects are diminished, especially noise reduction and avoidance of solid waste spillage in public places. In case that solid waste is spilled during the harvesting, there must be a collector to remove such spillage immediately.
2. The enterprise providing the service must have the necessary equipment to guarantee the normal benefit of the service of urban cleanliness in case of failures. The service of garbage collection could not be interrupted by mechanical faults of the vehicles. Interruptions should only be contemplated in case of acts of God.
3. The service of harvesting will be rendered in the frequencies and the schedules defined in the contract of uniform conditions.
4. In the zones in which the system of harvesting by containers is used, the users must ask for the amount that is necessary so that the deposited solid containers do not overflow their capacity depending on the harvesting frequency.
5. Compacting should be done where a minimum of annoyance to the residents takes place. In no event will it take place near educational centers, hospitals, clinics or any type of social welfare.
II STORAGE
Once the trucks are done with the harvesting, the trucks goes to the plant where a weight control is made, coming itself to unload in a solid waste storage area with 3 day storage capacity, this due to the fact that the incineration process must be continuous.
III RECYCLING
The solid waste begin their process, being transported through conductors where the first or second stage of recyclable product extraction takes place, conduction and separation of organic from inorganic material is separated and its procedure to the following step.
IV CRUSHING
This stage corresponds to inorganic solid matter, which is put under the incidence of a high speed hammer mill, producing particles of an appropriate size to be incinerated easily in the following stage.
V INCINERATION
Is the part of the process that gives beginning to the recommended technique to make the final disposition of solid waste.
VI ENERGY
The gases produced during the combustion or incineration of the solid waste, are denominated poor gases. These gases warm up the water of the boiler thus producing steam to move the turbines and to generate electrical energy, later they pass to a box or house of filters ("bag house") equipped with electromagnetic filters and compaction that prevent air pollution by 98.5%. This energy is stored for later use.
VII BY-PRODUCTS
Once the cycle of generation of electric energy by incineration of solid waste is complete, it gives rise to a secondary stage of our project, that although secondary perhaps constitutes the most interesting by the social ramifications they represent and the yield of the by-products.
VIII ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Once the separation of the Organic material from the Inorganic is accomplished, it goes to one centrifuge that segregates plastic particles, iron, metals, etc. Later it is lead to a mill of hammer with the intention of homogenizing the particles. Finished the crushing, the organic material is deposited in mixers that remain in constant movement. Airing the mixture that is put under heat, excessive of the incineration process, and that is injected to the mixer stops by means of its influence, to reduce the humidity of the mixture until obtaining a product with a humidity from the 16 to 18%.
Obtaining a product with the written down conditions, the mixture is conducted to a pallet machine where complements and supplements are added that enrich it, giving rise to organic installments with precise characteristics according to the demand.
IX CATTLE FEED
The previous process is the same one to use in this production. Only the complements and supplements of the mixture change.
X MEZZCRETEŽ
"Mezzcrete" is a cement-like binder, obtained from the processing of elements that constitute industrial solid remainders, such as the ash of the coal, to which volcanic rock has been gotten up them, quartzite and siliceous sands, natural elements of great abundance in our geologic formation. The mixture exposed to an industrial process of sophisticated technology, obtains a dry end item, as efficient as the concrete one elaborated on the basis of cement considerably more cost effective.
This product is generated by the incineration of solid waste; solid waste of industrial processes that after being collected and being arranged, are lead by a transporting band until a hopper that introduces a sprayer who reduces the size of particles, to facilitate its later incineration, that finishes consuming between 30 and 40% of activated charcoal, that has not been eliminated during the original industrial process.
The combustion, of course, gives origin to the production of poor gas that is later turned into electric energetic power.
The ashes and dregs fall within a fluidized chamber that maintain flying particles in suspension, stimulated by the injections of oxygenate and natural gas that promote the combustion.
The incineration takes place until the total consumption of the present coal in dregs or ashes is ascertained.
In the same interior of the burner, a process of staggered cooling begins, that moves the matter in combustion by means of a special transporter, resistant to the fire, causing the separation of the different sizes from particles, when fed to sieves of different sizes, obtaining from the finest, a dust with physical characteristics similar to cement.
The particles with greater size are exposed to a new crushing in the sprayer, with the purpose of obtaining a pulverized, homogenous mixture, denominated as "fly ash" and similar in their final use to characteristics of consistency and critical mass to volcanic lava.
This pulverized mixture is lead to a silo, where a new cycle of cooling by precipitation takes place, fundamental to obtain an optimal, ready by product ready to be handled in bulk or in bags.
With the end product, prefabricated elements for the construction are elaborated, such as blocks, floor tiles, posts for lighting system, pipes for sewage system, in addition to works in reinforced concrete, such as plates and beams used in footings, columns, beams and plates for sub-flooring, water storage tanks, platform, the layer of tread used for infrastructure, and the other applications that usually the construction industry uses for concrete.
This industrial process expresses an ecological connotation of first order, that viewed from a simplistic view point, recycles polluting solid waste of difficult and expensive final disposition from those that produce them.
